运维现场
已有一个通过Docker部署的MySQL单实例，实例中有多个库，且已有数据，备份容灾目的现扩充从库。
docker run -d --name mysql --restart unless-stopped -p 3406:3306 --log-opt max-size=50m \
-v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=xxx \
mysql:5.7
主库调整
The default configuration for MySQL can be found in /etc/mysql/my.cnf, which may !includedir additional directories such as /etc/mysql/conf.d or /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d.
MySQL的镜像已经把主配置my.cnf映射到/etc/mysql/conf.d目录，所以只需自定义一个my.conf，通过目录挂载到容器里面即可。
[mysqld]
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
server_id=1 //设置服务id
log_bin=mysql-bin //开启二进制日志
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size=1M
binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days=7
slave_skip_errors=1062
[mysql]
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet=16M
停止当前容器，修改启动命令，挂载my.cnf，重新启动。
docker run -d --name mysql --restart unless-stopped -p 3406:3306 --log-opt max-size=50m \
-v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /data/mysql.conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=xxx \
mysql:5.7
查看master状态。
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 452181159 | | mysql | |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
从库搭建
配置slave的my.cnf，在另外一台机器上，启动一个空实例。
[mysqld]
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
server_id=2
log_bin=slave-bin
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size=1M
binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days=7
slave_skip_errors=1062
relay_log=slave-relay-bin
log_slave_updates=1
read_only=1
[mysql]
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet=16M
docker run -d --name mysql --restart unless-stopped -p 3406:3306 --log-opt max-size=50m \
-v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /data/mysql.conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=xxx \
mysql:5.7
全量备份主库
首先锁表。
#全备主库时需要另开一个终端，给数据库加上读锁，避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一致
#此锁表的终端必须在备份完成以后才能退出
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
记录binlog状态，锁表之后binlog的Position就不会再变了，记录下File和Position。
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 461472295 | | mysql | |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
操作备份，备份完成，即可释放表锁。
mysqldump -h 172.x.x.10 -P 3406 -uroot -pxxx --all-databases > all-database-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql
#解除主库的锁表状态，直接退出交互式界面即可
mysql> quit
把全量数据导入到从库中
mysql -h 172.x.x.11 -P 3406 -uroot -pxxx < all-database-2024-10-09-11-27-41.sql
配置从库同步
登录从库，执行change master，注意master_log_file和master_log_pos，填写在备份主库前记录值。
change master to master_host='172.x.x.10',master_port=3406,master_user='root',master_password='xxx',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=461472295;
查看从库状态。
MySQL [(none)]> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.x.x.10
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3406
Connect_Retry: 30
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 479860795
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 111190829
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 479860795
Relay_Log_Space: 432038788
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: cd0f01f3-27c4-11ef-9394-0242ac130002
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
可以看到Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running，开始为No，需要执行slave start。
mysql> slave start
mysql> show slave status \G;
...
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
...
验证同步
通过主库创建库表，写入数据，验证从库同步。